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ospf 區(qū)域分類詳細(xì)
發(fā)布時間:2022-07-26 文章來源:xp下載站 瀏覽:
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網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)是從1990年代中期發(fā)展起來的新技術(shù)，它把互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上分散的資源融為有機整體，實現(xiàn)資源的全面共享和有機協(xié)作，使人們能夠透明地使用資源的整體能力并按需獲取信息。資源包括高性能計算機、存儲資源、數(shù)據(jù)資源、信息資源、知識資源、專家資源、大型數(shù)據(jù)庫、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、傳感器等。 當(dāng)前的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)只限于信息共享，網(wǎng)絡(luò)則被認(rèn)為是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展的第三階段。 我們知道ospf中有幾種區(qū)域類型：stub ，totally stub ,nssa ,totally nssa. 下面分別講一下各種區(qū)域類型對路由的改變，實驗圖如下:
按如圖配置好相關(guān)接口和參數(shù)，配置好后，查看R6路由如下： O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/21] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O 3.3.3.3 [110/11] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.25.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 5.5.5.5 [110/31] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0 6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 6.6.6.6 is directly connected, Loopback0 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets O E2 172.16.0.0 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 172.16.1.0 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 172.16.2.0 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 172.16.3.0 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.36.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.0.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.3.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:06, FastEthernet0/0 配置R3及R6 area 3 為stub區(qū)域： 配置命令為: R3(config-router)#area 3 stub R6(config-router)#area 3 stub 修改完成后，R6路由如下： O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/21] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O 3.3.3.3 [110/11] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.25.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 5.5.5.5 [110/31] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0 6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 6.6.6.6 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 192.168.36.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/11] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:07, FastEthernet0/0 由此可知stub區(qū)域不接收任何外部路由，用一條默認(rèn)路由替代所有外部路由。 先在R4上查看路由表： O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:51, FastEthernet0/0 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/11] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:51, FastEthernet0/0 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/21] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:51, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.14.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/21] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:51, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.25.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 5.5.5.5 [110/31] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0 6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 6.6.6.6 [110/31] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets O E2 172.16.0.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 172.16.1.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 172.16.2.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 172.16.3.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.36.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1 在R4和R1上運行以下命令： R2(config-router)#area 2 nssa no-summary R4(config-router)#area 2 nssa no-summary 再次查看路由表： C 192.168.14.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1 O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/11] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:19, FastEthernet0/0 由此可知nssa totally 區(qū)域去掉所區(qū)域間和外部路由 先來查看一下R5路由表： O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/11] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:07, FastEthernet0/0 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 5.5.5.5 is directly connected, Loopback0 6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 6.6.6.6 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:12:47, FastEthernet0/0 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 O IA 192.168.36.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:12:47, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.0.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:02, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:02, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:02, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 192.168.3.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:02, FastEthernet0/0 在R2和R5上運行如下命令： R2(config-router)#area 1 nssa R5(config-router)#area 1 nssa O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/11] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 5.5.5.5 is directly connected, Loopback0 6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 6.6.6.6 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 O IA 192.168.36.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0 這時發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有默認(rèn)路由，需運行以下命令： R2(config-router)#area 1 nssa default-information-originate 這時R5路由如下： O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/11] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:59, FastEthernet0/0 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 5.5.5.5 is directly connected, Loopback0 6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 6.6.6.6 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:59, FastEthernet0/0 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 O IA 192.168.36.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:59, FastEthernet0/0 O*N2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:06, FastEthernet0/0 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的神奇作用吸引著越來越多的用戶加入其中，正因如此，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的承受能力也面臨著越來越嚴(yán)峻的考驗―從硬件上、軟件上、所用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上......，各項技術(shù)都需要適時應(yīng)勢，對應(yīng)發(fā)展，這正是網(wǎng)絡(luò)迅速走向進(jìn)步的催化劑。 |
